【2010高考一轮】Unit1 & Unit2词汇突破（牛津选修10）

 1.The concert also received so much attention around the world that it put great pressure on politicians and malnutrition.(P2,L8-9) 音乐会还受到了全世界的极大关注，这给政客们施加了巨大压力，迫使他们为这次饥荒做一些事情。
pressure  n. 压力
put pressure on/upon 给…施加压力
例：Do not put much pressure on the handle, it may break.
不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。
The birth of twins put pressure on them to find a bigger flat. 他们生了双胞胎, 不得不寻找一套较大的住房。
常用短语：under pressure 有压力的, 压缩的
She is constantly under pressure and it is affecting her health. 她经常负担很重, 因而影响了健康。
【走近高考】
Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their      , some people drink alcohol. (03上海)
A.temper  B.mood   C.consciousness D.pressures
【答案】 D
2.On top of this, according to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition claim ten million lives every year.(P2,L14)
出此之外，根据联合国的资料，饥饿和营养不良每年夺走一千万人的生命。
on top of   prep.  除此之外,而且
例：We missed the train, and on top of that we had to wait for two hours for the next one.
我们错过了火车，而且下一班我们得等两个小时。
He lost his wife , and on top of that he got ill.  
他的妻子过世, 更糟的是, 他自己又生病了.
on (the) top of  prep. 在……上面
He put his books on the top of hers.  
他把他的书放在她的上面.
from top to toe/bottom   adv.  从头到脚
【走近高考】
See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.(06全国)
A. when  B. which  C. where  D. what
【答案】 D
claim 作动词时，常用以下几种意思。
(1)（指灾难、 事故等）使（某人）失踪或死亡，如：
The earthquake claimed thousands of lives. 地震夺去数以千计的罹难者的生命。
(2) 要求或索要（某物）（应得的权利或财物），如：
After the Duke's death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死后, 其长子要求继承爵位。
 (3) 声称; 宣称; 断言，如：
She claims (that) she is related to the Queen.
She claims to be related to the Queen.
她声称和女王有亲属关系。
 3. It is without doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough?(P2,L25)
勿需置疑，这是惊人的成就，但这就足够了吗？
doubt  (n.) 怀疑, 疑惑, 不确定
There is no doubt about/as to…对某事是无疑的
There is no doubt that…=It is no doubt that…
某事是无须怀疑的
There is no doubt that we did the right thing.
beyond/out of doubt毫无疑问地, 确实地       in doubt不肯定,不确定       without doubt(副) 无疑地, 必定地
doubt  (vt.) 怀疑, 疑惑, 不相信
sb doubt + n.   
sb doubt + whether/if (用于肯定句)  
sb doubt + that (用于否定/疑问句)
I doubt whether he will keep his word.
我怀疑他是否回遵守诺言.
I never doubted that she would come.
我从未怀疑过她会来.
【重点提示】
doubt 无论是作名词还是动词用,用在否定/疑问句中后面如接that 从句; 作动词用时, 在肯定句中后接whether/if从句。
【走近高考】
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _______ a cure for AIDS will be found. (06广东)
 A. which  B. that  C. what  D. whether
【答案】 B
 4. If these things develop, jobs will be created for people, allowing them to help themselves instead of being dependent on ther people.(P3,L39-40)
这些事业如果发展起来，就会为人们创造就业机会，使得他们可以帮助自己而不是依赖别人。
be dependent on sb./ sth. 意为“依赖于…，从属于…” “取决于…”，
例：Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their sons and daughters. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。
Success is dependent on your efforts and ability. 成功与否得看你的努力和能力。
其反义词组为be independent of sb./ sth.
“脱离…；独立”“与…无关”
The country became independent of France in the sixties.
这个国家在六十年代脱离法国独立。
They went camping so as to be independent of hotels.
他们去露营, 免得住旅馆。
动词词组为：depend on
 5. Carbon dioxide contributes to air , water and soil pollution and causes global warming and acid rain.
contribute to sth/doing sth意为“促成某事物”，
例：Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
吸烟会导致肺癌吗?
contribute to意为“出（钱、力、主意等），投稿，捐助、捐赠、贡献”，
Every year he contributes ten pounds to a charity collection. 他每年捐献十英镑给慈善事业。
contribute to意为“增加某事物，添加到某事物中”，
Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的著作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。
contribution (n.)  贡献
make a contribution/contributions to
【走近高考】
We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only ______ violence.
 A. runs into        B. comes from  
C. contributes to    D. begins with
【答案】 C
 6. Throughout the Midwest and the Northeast, people aged 60 and over are packing their bags and heading south along the freeway to states like Florida.(P18,L1-2)
在整个中西部和东北部地区，60岁及60岁以上的人们正在收拾他们的行囊，沿着高速公路向南行进到类似佛罗里达这样的地方去。
head  (vt.)  出发，朝…走
head for 前往
head down to 前往
例：They are heading for the disaster area in order to rescue the people there.
他们正赶赴灾区准备营救那儿的人们。
 7. This group accounted for nearly 18 percent of the state’s population.(P18,L10-11)
这个人群大约占到该州人口的18%。
account for 占…比例；说明，解释
例：The number of girl students in our class accounts for 26%.我班女学生占26%。
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.（恶劣天气可以人气不旺的原因。）
He has been asked to account for his conduct.
他被要求解释自己的行为。
take…into account/take account of sth. 
考虑/顾及某事
例：We have to take every possibility into account when drawing up the plan.
制定计划时我们得要考虑每一种可能性。
on account of(=because of)  由于，因为
She retired early on account of poor health.
因为身体差她提早退休。
on no account 决不，绝对不
【走近高考】
I’m sure Mary will soon get used to the new job. as her intelligence _______ for her lack of experience.
 A. makes            B. accounts      
 C. compensates       D. push
【答案】 C
8. These overseas Chinese---often called returnees---have come back to China to take advantage of the new opportunities here.(P27)
take advantage of sb./sth利用；欺骗，占…便宜
例：If you appear to be easy and soft, people take advantage of you.
如果你看上去软弱，人们就会欺负你。
She took advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms.
她利用孩子不在这个机会整理房间。
have an advantage over sb./sth.  比…有优势
Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.
她的经验意味着她比对手更有优势。
be at an advantage=have an advantage 处于优势地位
Graduates with a good command of English and computer skills tend to be at an advantage when applying for jobs.
英语和电脑好的毕业生找工作时处于优势地位。
be to one’s advantage  对…有利
It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.
参加电脑课可能对你有利。
【走近高考】
More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (05上海)
 A. taking       B. taken    
C. having taken     D. having been taken
【答案】 A
 9. By refusing to submit to any government, the Roma can’t vote, but they also cannot be forced to pay taxes.(P30,L17)
由于拒绝屈从于任何政府，罗姆人不能投票，但他们也不能被迫缴税。
submit v.
a. 服从，屈从
例：I was unwilling to submit to his orders and often punished by doing washing up.
我不愿服从他的命令，所以经常被罚洗碗。
She refused to submit to threats.
她不屈服于威胁。
b. 提出，提交
例：All applications for jobs must be submitted by Monday.所有的申请必须在星期一前提交。
submission  n. 屈服，投降         
submissive  adj. 顺从的，驯服的，听话的
10.Unable to practise their traditions, many young Roma took to illegal behaviour, such as stealing, and were usually the main suspects when anything went missing.(P31,L45-47)
由于无法奉行他们的传统， 许多年轻的罗姆人染上了非法的恶习，比如偷窃，东西丢失的时候，他们通常就是重点怀疑对象。
take to 开始从事；喜欢；沉溺于…（to 介词）
He took to writing after he retired.
She took to her new boss immediately after she entered the company.
take off 脱下；起飞；成功
take in 吸收；欺骗
take up 开始（从事于）；占去（时间、空间）
take over 接任；接管；盛行起来
take on 呈现（新面貌）；接纳；雇佣
take down 取下；记下；病倒
【走近高考】
This was the moment when his career really _______.
A. took up        B. took off
C. took on        D. took over
【答案】 B
 11.The chidren’s parents were not told where their children had gone, and this practice continued until 1973.
孩子的父母们不会被告知他们的孩子们到哪里去了，这一做法一直持续到1973年。
practice  (n.) 惯例，做法
例：The leaders of the two countries will deal with the matter according to the international practice.两国领导人会按国际惯例处理此事。
【走近高考】
When you go abroad for further study, you should learn to adapt to the ________ of the destination country.
A. customs  B. habits  C. practice D. instruction
【答案】A
practise   (vt.)  练习
practise sth/doing sth 练习做某事
practical  (adj.)  实际的，实用的