【2010高考一轮】Unit3 Understanding each other. 词汇突破(牛津选修6)

accumulate vt. 积累，积聚，储存 vi. 积成堆，累积 
Today I would like to talk to you guys and try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences. ( page34, lines1-4)
今天我想和伙计们谈谈，并想搜集更多的关于文化差异的信息。因为我必须完成一份关于文化差异的家庭作业。
例  They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.
（他们开始累积大量的资料。）
    Dust had accumulated during her absence.
（她不在时灰尘积了起来。）
注意 辨析accumulate与gather, collect的区别。
accumulate表示在某段时间类自然累积的、同类的、相关的物品；
gather使用范围最广，表示“拣起零乱散布的物品”，不含收集后的处理办法；
collect指逐个地、有选择地收集物品，有较大的目的性，尤指为收藏而进行收集。如：
They cllected money for the unemployed in the city.
（他们为本市的失业者募款。）
They gathered shellfish at low tide.
（他们在落潮时采集贝壳类动物。）
【走近高考】
A piece of work __________ on his desk.
A. gathered         B. collected  
C. accumulated      D. added
【答案】 C
all the time 一直，自始至终                     
Here at my school in Brunei, we wxperience cultural differences all the time because we have some native English teachers.  ( page34, lines5-7)
在文莱，我们在学校里一直能体会到文化差异，因为我们有几位以英语为母语的老师。
例 Conditions are changing all the time.
   （情况在不断地变化着。）
Life is not just fun and happiness all the time.
（生活并不总是充满乐趣和幸福的。）
归纳拓展
at one time 一度；从前
at all times 随时；永远
at the time 在那时
at a time 每次；依次
behind time 迟；晚
at times 有时；间或
for the time being 暂且
ahead of time 提前
once upon a time 从前
in time 及时
take one’s time 慢慢来；不着急
on time 按时；准时
【走近高考】
—Can the project be finished as planned?
—Sure, to get it completed ______ , we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. at times               B. in time
C. behind time            D. at a time
【答案】 B
celebration  n. 庆祝，庆典活动；颂扬          
The british teachers didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of.
( page34, lines14-15)英国老师们不知道他在说什么，也不知道人们举行感恩节要庆祝什么。
     in celebration of = to celebrate 为了庆祝（…）
     a birthday/wedding celebration 生日/结婚庆典
     the centenary celebration 百周年庆祝会
例 There will be a party in celebration of my parents’ 40th anniversary.
    （将举办一个聚会来庆祝我父母结婚40周年。）
 In 1997, a grand celebration was held to celebrate Hong Kong’s return.
(1997年,为庆祝香港回归举行了盛大的庆祝活动。)
注意 celebrate vt. 庆祝，颂扬
思维拓展
“in +名词+of” 短语小结
in need of 需要
in praise of 为了赞扬
in search of 寻找
in defense of 为了保卫，为…辩护
in hope of / in the hope of 希望
in face of 面对
in charge of 负责，掌管
in honor of 向…表示敬意，为纪念…
in favor of 支持，赞成，有利于
in want of 需要
in place of 代替
【走近高考】
 Their parents promised to him that they would hold a party ________ his birthday.
 A. in charge of           B. in pace of
 C. in praise of           D. in celebration of
【答案】 D
suppose  vt.  假想，猜想，假使…结果会怎么样   
I suppose Waled has already told you about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he was given it at the end-of-term ceremony?( page34, lines23-25)
我想瓦利德已经告诉了你那位在期末典礼上将收到的礼物立刻就打开了的英国老师的事了吧？
     sb. suppose 某人认为
     sb. be supposed to do sth. 某人应该做某事
     do you suppose你认为/猜…
例I had supposed his wife a younger woman.
   (我原以为他妻子更年轻。)
I’m supposed to go on a diet.
(我应该节食。)
What do you suppose has happened to him?
(你猜他发生了什么事？)
注意 do you suppose作插入语时后面的谓语动词不采用不定式形式。
   When do you suppose you'll be wanting me to go?
(你打算什么时候要我动身呢？)
【走近高考】
 _______ it rains, what shall we do?
 A. Though  B. Suppose  C. Even if  D. However
【答案】 B
marry  vt. 娶，嫁，和…结婚；vi.  结婚  
So, to clarify, if I got married in the UK, I would expect a present, but if I got married in Italy, I would have to give a present. ( page35, lines36-37)
让我来说得更清楚些，如果我是在英国结婚的话，我就会得到一份礼物，但如果我是在意大利结婚的话，我就得送给别人一份礼物。
married 已婚的，有配偶的；婚姻的
marry sb. 嫁给/娶某人
marry sb. to sb.使某人和某人结婚
be married 结婚（表状态，可以延续）
get married 结婚（表动作，不可延续）
be married to sb. 与某人结婚
例 Is he married?
   (他结婚了吗？)
   He married his daughter to a doctor.
 (他把他的女儿嫁给了一位医生。)
 They have been married for 50 years.
(他们已结婚50年了。)
注意1. marry 不与with连用。如：
He married a classmate from high school.
(他与高中时代的一个同学结婚了。)
2.clarify  vt. 澄清，讲清楚，阐明
Can you clarify your view about the problem?
(关于这个问题能阐明你的观点吗？)
【走近高考】
 —Have you heard from Mary recently?
—No, but I was told that she _______ a rich man for nearly three months.
A. had married with      B. was married with
C. had married          D. had been married to
【答案】 D
participate  vi. 参与，参加，分享，分担      
If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men.
( page35, lines39-40) 如果一个男人在文莱参加婚礼，他得和新郎和其他男人坐在一起。
participate in=take part in 参加
participate in a competition, discussion, activity, meeting 参加竞赛，讨论，活动，会议
例 How many countries participated in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games?
   (有多少国家参加了2008年北京奥运会？)
She is active in participating in social activities.
(她在社交方面很活跃。)
注意 participate in比take part in更正式
     join 指加入某个组织、团体；也可表示和他人一起参加活动，常用join sb. in (doing) sth.
     attend 是正式用语，表示“出席”，常指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，还可指上学、听演讲等。
【思维拓展】
   participation  n. 参加，参与
   participant  n. 参加者
   encourage audience participation 鼓励观众参与
   a participant in the table-tennis 参加乒乓球比赛的人
【走近高考】
They invited the world to __________ the international exposition.
 A. participate               B. attend in
 C. participate in             D. join in
【答案】 C
adjust  vt. 调整，调节，校正 vi. 适应          
It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.  ( page35, lines50-51)
看到外籍教师们尝试适应去做那件事真是很有趣。
     adjust sb. to sth. 某人为配合…而调整
     adjust (oneself) to （使自己）适应
例 You’d better adjust your methods of studying.
(你最好调整一下你的学习方法。)
She must learn to adjust herself to English life.
(她必须学会适应英国的生活。)
 I can’t adjust to living on my own.
(我不适应独自生活。)
注意 adjustable  adj. 可调节的
     adjustment  n. 调整，调节
【走近高考】
 I have just been in Australia for a week and I’m trying to ________ the new climate here.
 A. adjust to  B. agree with  C. fit in  D. rely on
【答案】 A
analyse  vt. 分析，分解                      
It was very interesting talking to them and analysing some of the many cultural differences between countries.
 ( page37, partE, para1)和他们交谈、分析国家之间的文化差异是非常有趣的。
    analysis  n. 分析; 解析; 分解; 精神分析
例 By analysing the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar.
  (通过分析句子成分我们就能多了解一些英语语法。)
We must try to analyse the causes of the stike.
(我们得研究一下罢工的原因。)
注意 analyse的第三人称单数是在其后直接加s，为analyses；而analysis（名词）的复数形式则是改sis为ses，也是analyses。
【走近高考】
 They made ________ of this subject in detail.
 A. a anylysis          B. an analysis
 C. an analyses         D. a analyses
【答案】 B
in other words  换句话说；也就是说；换言之   
In other words, it is easy to misunderstand things, so we need to know what is appropriate. ( page37, partE, para3)
换句话说，误会一些事是很容易的，因此，我们需要知道什么是恰当的。
例 They asked him to leave, in other words, he was fired.
   (他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。)
She is very busy, In other words, she isn’t able to come to my party.
(她很忙，换句话说，她不能来参加我的生日聚会。)
【归纳拓展】in a word / in other words 的区别：
in a word “简言之；总之”。一般做插入语，通常位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开。例如：
In a word, we must learn English well.
(总之，我们必须学好英语。)
in other words“换句话说；换言之”，常位于句首，对前面所说的话进行解释。例如：
He doesn’t like work. In other words, he’s lazy!
(他不爱劳动，换句话说，他很懒惰。)
【走近高考】
 I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else, _______, I was wasting my time.
 A. above all              B. in other words
 C. after all               D. meanwhile
【答案】 B
set off  出发；动身；使爆炸               
I think it’s just like the way we Chinese set off fire crakers...
( page37,part F)我想就像我们中国人放鞭炮一样…
例 They set off in search of the lost child.
   (他们出发寻找失踪的孩子。)
The children gathered in the garden to set the fireworks off.  (孩子们聚在花园里放烟火。)
注意 辨析set about ，set off 与set out to do sth.
1）set about“开始；着手”，about为介词。如：
As soon as she got home, she set about preparing lunch.
(她一到家就开始准备午饭。)
2）set off“使爆炸；引起”；set off for“动身去；出发去”。如：The enemy tank truch caught fire and set off a chain of explosions.
(敌人的油罐车着了火，引起了一连串的爆炸。)
Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for Paris. (他们向朋友告别后，就动身去巴黎了。)
3）set out to do sth.=set about doing sth.“着手、开始做某事”；set out for sp.=set off for sp. =leave for sp.“动身去某地；出发去某地”。如：
At five in the morning he set out to do (set about doing) his work. (清晨五点他就开始工作。)
Early in the morning he set out (set off) for Beijing.
(他一清早就动身去北京了。)
【走近高考】
 1. The bomb could be ________ by the slightest touch.
   A. set off  B. set out  C. began  D. set forth
 2. After the meeting, I ________ to write a report on our next term’s work.
 A. set about  B. made off with  C. set out  D. set off
【答案】 1. A   2. C
connected adj. 有关联的，连在一起的，联络的，连贯的
Many of these words are connected with food or eating.  (page38, partA,para1)很多这样的单词与食物或吃的有关。
be connected with 与…有关联
be connected to 接通，连接
例 He was connected with the crime.
    (他与那起犯罪有关。)
 These terminals are connected to our mainframe computer.
 (这些终端设备都与我们的计算机主机相连接。)
注意 be connected with 与…有关联。强调指两个人或事物之间有关联或联系，一般不用于两个事物的具体连接。
     be connected to 接通，连接。将两个东西进行对接或连接。
     二者的差别不大，有时可以通用。
【思维拓展】
be linked to 与…有关系；
link…to…把…与…连接起来；联系；固定，连接
如：His failure is linked to being lazy.
(他的失败与懒惰有关系。)
English borrowed many Italian words linked to music, the arts and military. （Page  ,Lines  ）
(英语收入了很多与音乐、艺术和军事有关的意大利词语。)
【走近高考】
Many computers __________ the internet.
 A. are connected with       B. are linked to
 C. are connected to         D. are in contact to
【答案】 C
enable  vt. 使能够，使实现                  
This will enable you to get a good job.  ( page41, 语篇)
这会使得你能够找到一份好工作。
    enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
例 This bird’s large wings enable it to fly very fast.
    (这只鸟的巨大的翅膀能使它飞得很快。)
 Careful investigation will enable us to draw correct conclusion.
(细致的调查可使我们得出正确的结论。)
注意 enable是在形容词able前加前缀en-构成。en-表示“（使）变得”，常加在形容词前面构成动词，如：ensure, enlarge, enrich等。
【走近高考】
If I _______ a day’s holiday, it would enable me ______ my father.
A. have; to visit            B. would have; visiting
C. had ; visiting            D. had; to visit
【答案】 D
hold up  阻碍，使停顿；支撑，承受住；举起，抬起
There was a boat we could go on but we got held up as Mr Hudson remarked that the boat was too crowded.
( page42, step1, para3) 我们可以乘船继续参观，但当Hudson先生说船太拥挤的时候，我们停下来了。
例 The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.
   (新路的建造因恶劣的天气而受到阻滞。)
She is holding up well under the pressure.
(她承受住了压力。)
I held up my hand to show that I had a question.
(我举手表示有问题。)
【词汇拓展】
   hold back 忍住；阻挡；隐瞒；保守秘密
   hold on 不要挂断电话；等待；抓牢；不放弃
   hold out 伸出（手等）；维持
【走近高考】
 The big strikes of the workers would ___________ the production of cars for several months.
 A. hold up  B. hold out   C. hold back  D. hold on
【答案】 A
offer vt. 给予，提供；愿意；出（价）；开（价）n. 
We offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and expeience for yourself their traditions, customs and way of life. (page46, lines1-3)
offer sth. 提供某物
   offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物
   offer sb. sth. 提供给某人某物
   offer sth. for sth.  开价多少卖某物;出价多少买某物
   offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
例 He offered me a glass of wine.
   (他端给我一杯酒。)
   He offered to lend me some books.
   (他表示要借给我几本书。)
   We offered him the calculator for US $50.
   (这个计算器我们向他开价五十美元。)
【走近高考】
 They’ve _______ us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?
 A. provided  B. supplied  C. shown  D. offered
【答案】 D
swap  vt./vi. 交换，以…作交换，与…交换；n.交换
The Inuit usually live in small family groups but have large summer gatherings for feasts and celebrations where they swap stories.(Page46,Lines14-16)因纽特人通常按照小的家庭单位居住和生活，但会举行大型夏日聚会，大家享受丰盛的食物、举行庆祝活动，同时互相讲故事。
swap sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物
swap sth. for sth. 用…交换
swap over 交换（工作）
例 I’ve finished reading this book. Can I swap it with you?
   (我已经读完这本书了。我可以和你交换一下吗？)
   I’ll drive there and then we’ll swap over on the way
back. (我开车去那里，回来时由你开。)
   I think your hat would suit me—shall we try a swap?
   (我觉得你的帽子很适合我——我们交换一下怎么样？)
注意 swap的过去式和过去分词均为swapped。
词汇拓展 swap data 交换资料
         swap experience 交流经验
         stock swap 证券交易
【走近高考】
 I’ll swap six old foreign stamps ___ two of the new ones.
 A. with   B. over   C. to   D. for
【答案】D
account  n. 描述，叙述，报道；帐单，帐户，客户；
You will have the opportunity to take part in the drumming and dancing, and listen to traditional accounts of bravery as well as play games! (Page46, Lines17-19)
你还有机会参加击鼓和跳舞，聆听他们传统的英勇的故事，还可以参与游戏项目！
   a vivid account of the event 这个事件的生动描述
   open a courrent account 开户
例 There was an account of the train crash in the paper.
   (报纸上有一篇关于火车事故的报道。)
   My salary is paid directly into my bank account.
   (我的工资直接存入银行帐户。)
思维拓展 on account of 由于，因为
         by/from all accounts 根据个方面所说
         take sth. into account / take account of sth.
考虑到，把…考虑在内
         =take sth. into consideration
如：By all accounts we are sure he is a warm-hearted man.
(从各方面来说，我们确信他是个热心肠的人。)
You must take his illness into account.
(你必须考虑到他的病情。)
【走近高考】
 ________ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide.
 A. In spite of              B. On account of
 C. Regardless of           D. Instead of
【答案】B
belong  vi . 属于（为…之一员）           
There are many different tribes that belong to the Native American Indian group.  ( page47, lines52-53)
有许多不同的部落是属于美洲印第安土著人部落。
   belong to 属于
例 Who does this watch belong to?
   (这块表是谁的？)
The islands belong to Spain.
(这些岛屿隶属西班牙。)
注意 belong to中的to是介词。belong to既没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。
【走近高考】
 1. The book _________ on the desk _______ to her.
 A. lying; is belonged     B. lay; belongs
 C. lying; belongs        D. being lie; belonged
 2. Remember to put the book where it _______ .
 A. is belonged          B. is belonged to
 C. belongs             D. belongs to
【答案】 1. C    2. C
power  n. 权力；能力；力量               
The plains Indians believe in the Great Spirit who has power over all things including animals, trees, stones and clouds.(Page47,Lines55-57)
平原印第安人信奉至上神，至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。
have power over sth. 控制、支配某物；对…有控制权
例 Some people still think that men should have power over women. (一些人仍旧认为男人应当支配女人。)
思维拓展 come to power / be in power 执政；当权
in one’s power 在某人的掌握之中，任由某人摆布
return to power 重新执政
take / seize power 夺取政权
如：The man came to power by force.
(这个人靠武力当权。)
Which political party is in power at present?
(现在是哪个政党执政？)
【走近高考】
1. It’s impossible for you to have power _______ all things including your love.
 A. over      B. on     C. to       D. of
2. Now, I have him in my power. I can make him do anything I want.
 A. strength   B. force   C. power   D. might
【答案】1. A   2. C