【2010高考一轮】 Unit One Laughter is good for you. 词汇突破(牛津选修6)

laughter   n. [U] 笑声 ，笑
People around the world love to laugh. Everyone agrees that laughter is good for you. ( page 1, Welcome to the unit)
全世界的人都爱笑，大家都认为笑有益健康。
burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
  burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭起来
例  Watching the stand-up, we couldn’t help bursting into laughter/out crying.
 (看单口喜剧时，我们禁不住捧腹大笑。)
注意1  laugh 作n.时和laughter的区别
     laugh  n. [C]   laughter  n. [U]
译：他哈哈一笑，回避了我的问题。
[误] He avoided answering my question with a laughter.
[正] He avoided answering my question with a laugh.
[正] He avoided answering my question with laugh.
注意2  laugh  vi. 笑
       laugh at笑，嘲笑
例 The crosstalk made everybody laugh.
   （这个相声让每个人都笑了起来。）
   He hated being laughed at.
   （他讨厌被嘲笑。）
【走近高考】
Both ____ and _____ laughter do harm to your health.
(08年高考题库)
A .burst out crying ; burst into 
B. to burst out tears ; to burst into
C. bursting into tears; bursting into    
D. bursting into crying ;  bursting out
【答案】 C
humour  n. [U]  幽默（感），诙谐；情绪，心境                      
People have always enjoyed laughing, and there has always been humour. (page 2, line 1)
人们总是喜欢笑，并且总是富有幽默感。
 good -humoured 心情好，脾气好
bad/ill - humour 心情不好，脾气不好
out of humour 情绪不好
a sense of humour幽默感
例 She has a good sense of humour.
   (他很有幽默感。)
The story is full of humour.
（这个故事很幽默。）
注意  humorous  adj. 幽默的，滑稽的
   He hadn’t intended to be humorous.
 （他没想着要幽默一下。）
【走近高考】
The kind of humor I like is the thing ____ makes me laugh for five seconds and think for ten minutes.（高考题库）
A. that       B. /       C. what       D. it
【答案】 A
well-loved   adj.  备受喜爱的                  
One of the most well-known and well-loved types of comedy is called stand-up. ( page2, lines 1-2)
有一种非常出名、深受喜爱的喜剧形式，叫做单口喜剧。
老师点睛  well-loved为合成adj.，如：
   near-sighted 近视的        warm-hearted 热心的
   bright-colored 颜色鲜艳的   snow-white 雪白的
   English-speaking 说英语的  man-made 人造的
例 They showed applause on the well-loved singer.
   (他们鼓掌欢迎这位备受大家的歌星。)
He is a warm-hearted person.
(他是一个热心的人。)
【翻译句子】
他是一位备受爱戴的老师。
_______________________________________.
【答案】 He is a well-loved teacher
make fun of   取笑，拿…开玩笑          
A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member. (page 2, lines4 -5) 单口喜剧演员可以拿某一观众开玩笑。
make fun of=poke fun at 开玩笑，嘲弄
play jokes on 开…的玩笑
make jokes about 就…开玩笑
play a trick/joke on sb. 捉弄，开玩笑
例 People like to make fun of each other on April Fools’ Day. (人们喜欢在愚人节互相开玩笑。)
They used to make jokes about their bad performance in the party.
(他们常常取笑自己那天晚会上拙劣的表现。)
【走近高考】
Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____ fun. (2005重庆)
A. had    B. has    C. to have    D. having
【答案】 D
response    n. 回应，反应，回答
…, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reaction of an audience. (page 2, lines5-6)
…,也可以根据观众的反应随机应变，说不同的笑话。
同  reaction  n. [U] [C] 反应，反作用
   in response/reaction to 对…作出反应；回应
   get a response from 得到…的回应
   give/make no response to 对…不予回答
例 In response to his hospitality, we wrote a thank-you letter. (为回报他们的热情，我们写了一封感谢信。)
His question failed to get a response from any of the
students. (他提出的问题没能得到任何学生的回应。)
词汇拓展 respond  (vi.) + to sb./sth.
对…作出反应/回答/答复
(vt.) 以...回答[+sth./that从句]
例 She responded to my letter with a phone call.
   (她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。)
  The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.（政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。）
  He failed to respond to the medicine.
（他服了这药未见起色。）
He responded no to the first question.
（他对第一个问题的回答是否定的。）
【走近高考】
At times, worrying is a normal ____ response to a difficult event or situation----a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.
A. effective               B. individual  
C. inevitable              D. unfavorable
【答案】 C effective有效的；individual个人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。
main  adj. 主要的  n. [C] 主要部分，要点        
The main four are observational, prop, physical and impressionsit.  ( page2 , lines8-9)
（单口喜剧）主要有四种：观察评论类、道具类、形体动作类和印象模仿类。
例She noted down the main points of the speech.
(她把演说的要点记了下来。)
The main road was flooded so we had to go round by narrow country lanes.
（公路干线遭水淹没，我们只得择乡间小径绕行。）
His ideas are, in the main, impractical.
（他的主意大体说来很不实际。）
相关链接main与chief的区别：
（1）chief主要的，最重要的；等级最高的。Chief用于人时，表示同类中职位最高，权力最大；用于事物，指同类中价值最高。（形容词chief没有比较级和最高级，并只能作定语）
例 the chief engineer 总工程师
   the chief editor 总编
   Chief Justice 审判长；首席法官
（2）main主要的，最重要的。与chief一样，main也只能作定语，没有比较级和最高级；而且chief与main在词义上非常接近。但是，main不能用于人，只能用于物。表示一定范围内，某物的重要性，体积或力量超过其他事物。
例 the main line of a railway 铁路的干线
   the main thing to remember 所要记得的主要东西
   the main street of a town 镇内的主要街道
   the main points of the speech 演说的要点
【走近高考】
The study surveyed 500 families and found the main ___problem people suffered was tiredness, followed by loneliness and anxiety. (2007 上海春)
A．domestic B．public C．psychological D．biological
【答案】 C
later     adj. 以后的，后期的 adv. 后来；较晚的   
Only a few stand-up comedians have become famous as television and film actors later on in life. ( page2 , line23 )
只有为数不多的喜剧演员在随后的生涯中成为走红的影视明星。
例 He said he would come back again (a week) later.
  （他说他（一周）以后会回来的。）
I'm busy now but I'll do it later on.
（我现在很忙，这事我以后再做。）
相关链接later /late /lately /latter /latest的区别
late作adv.时，表示时间上的晚或迟；
lately作adv.时，相当于recently，表示“近来，最近”，多与现在完成时连用；
latter用作adj.，常与the连用，表示列举的事物中的后面的一个，译为“后者”，与“the former”相对。
latest作adj.时，是指时间先后中的“最近的，最新的；最迟的”。
选词填空
1）His coat is the _________ style.
2）I haven’t written to her _________.
3）Of the two choices, I prefer the _________.
4）He came back ten days __________.
5）The train was 10 minutes __________.
答案：1）latest  2）lately  3）latter  4）later  5）late
act  v. 表演,扮演;表现  n.行为;法令;(戏剧的)一幕  
Like other stand-up comedians who have gone on to act in films, Crystal still enjoys stand-up. ( page2 , line24-25)
和其他转向电影表演的单口喜剧演员一样，克里斯托现在依然热爱单口喜剧。
act as sb./sth. 充当
act for sb. 代理，为…而尽力
act sth. out/act out sth.将…表演出来
act in sth. 在…中表演
例Think well before you act.
（要三思而后行。）
A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.
（经过训练的狗能担任盲人的向导。）
Chaplin acted in many films.
   （卓别林演了很多电影。）
He was caught in the act of stealing.
   （他偷窃时被当场抓住。）
词汇拓展 action  n. 行为 
acting  n. 表演 
actor/actress 男/女演员
【走近高考】
We went to Canada to travel and my cousin _______ as our guide. (05湖南)
A. played   B. showed   C. acted   D. performed
【答案】C
award  n.[C] 奖金；奖品；奖励  vt.颁奖，授奖    
People around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy Awards.  ( page2 , line26)
全世界的观众都喜欢看他主持的奥斯卡颁奖典礼。
例The novel earned him a literary award.
（这部长篇小说为他赢得文学奖。）
The award for this year's best actress went to Meryl Streep.
（本年度最佳女演员的得奖者是梅里尔•斯特里普。）
相关链接award /reward /prize的区别：
1）award  n. 侧重按法律与规定而给予的荣誉
   reward  n. 重点在于对好行为或功绩的报答、酬谢
   prize  n. “奖品，奖金”，指在竞争/竞赛中获得的奖
2）award  vt.  award sb. st. 授予某人某奖
   reward  vt.  reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏/惩罚某人
              reward sb. with sth. 用…酬谢某人
例She has been awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard.
（她获得了去哈佛大学读书的奖学金。）
Phil was awarded the top prize. （菲尔获得头奖。）
He will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.（他的恶行迟早会受到报应。）
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. （他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。）
His poem won the first prize in the contest.
（他的诗作在比赛中获得第一名。）
【走近高考】
Despite such a big difference in _________ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (2007湖北)
A. point         B. award          C. attitude            D. avenue
【答案】 C
live adj./adv.现场直播（的）；生动的；活的；有生命的
Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broad cast live on TV.
 ( page2 , lines27-28 )每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼时，他都会通过电视直播在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧保留节目。
相关链接 alive / live /living /lively的区别：
   alive多用于人，强调活着，通常作表语，作定语时一般后置。
   living着重指没有死的状态，即现在的人或事物，可作表语或定语。
   live  adj.活着的，有生命的；现场直播的；通上电的；adv. 现场直/转播（电视，广播）
    lively 活泼的，热烈的，栩栩如生的，充满生气的
例 1）It’s great to be __________. （活着真好。)
   2）Biology is the study of __________ things.
   （生物学是研究生物的科学。）
   3）Is your grandfather __________?
   （你祖父还健在吗？）
   4）The soldier was found _________ in the grass.
   （在草丛中发现这个士兵还活着。）
   5）There is much _________ fish in the market every day.  （每天都有许多活鱼上市。）
   6）The novel gives a _______ description of the people and customers in the region.
   （这部小说生动地描写了那个地区的风俗人情。）
   7）The football game was televisioned ________.
   （足球比赛由电视现场直播。）
【答案】1）alive  2）living  3）living  4）alive 
5）live  6）lively  7）live
make up  编写，捏造；构成；化妆；弥补        
Instead of telling the jokes he had planned, Crystal made up a new one.  ( page 3 , lines39-40)克里斯托没有讲事先准备好的笑话，而是即兴编了一个。
例 The boy made up an excuse for his absence.
   ( 这个男孩为旷课编造了一个借口。)
Students from the countryside make up 70% of the students numbers. ( 农村学生占学生人数的60%。)
The actors were making up when we arrived.
（我们到达时，演员们正在化妆。）
He tried to make up the missed lessons.
（他努力弥补落下的功课。）
【走近高考】
It is agreed that constant arguing doesn’t _____ a happy marriage.
A. make out          B. make for  
C. make up             D. make up for
The ringtone industry, valued at about $3 billion worldwide, is expected to ______ 12 % of total music sales by 2008.
A. take up   B. make up    C. consist of   D. be made up of
答案：1）B make for走向，导致，有助于  2）B
suppose  v. 推想；猜想；假设；以为，认为应该
Somehow, the new things he thinks of are always funnier than what he was supposed to say. （P5, Lines  ）
不知为何，他所想出的新东西总是要比他本打算说的有趣的多。
be supposed to do sth.应该做某事；被期望做某事
   suppose +sth./ that从句
例They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
（他们应该在一小时以前到达这里。）
You're not supposed to take the books out of the room.
（这些书不能拿出屋去。）
I suppose he is still in town.（我想他还在城里。）
Suppose it rained, we would still go.
（假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。）
【走近高考】
1.—-We haven’t heard from Jane a long time.
--What do you suppose _____ to her ? (91年全国)
A.was happening       B. has happened
C.to happen           D. having happened
2. Does this meal cost $50? I __________ something far better than this! (2007 全国卷I)
A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose
【答案】 1. B  2. B
worthwhile  adj. 值得做的；值得出力的           
Writing is tough work, but I hope it will all be worthwhile.
写作是很艰辛的工作，但我希望劳有所值。（语法Page9, Part A）
   be worthwhile + to do sth.值得做某事
   It’s worth while + doing sth.
   It is worth one's while to do sth.
（做某事是值得的。）
但不可用作：sth. is worthwhile / worth while doing.
例 It’s worthwhile visiting the museum.
   It’s worthwhile to visit the museum.
   （参观这个博物馆是值得的。）
   Teaching is a worthwhile calling.
（教书是一种有价值的职业。）
That's worthwhile.
（那是值得的。）
相关链接 1）worth ①“价值…”，后接表价值的数量词。如：The car is worth 10,000 dollars.
这辆小车价值10，000美元。
②“值得”，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式，表示“很值得”时，前加well修饰。例如：
It is worth our work. （这值得我们付出劳动。）
We work hard but it worth it. （我们很辛苦但是值得。）
The book is well worth reading. （这本书很值得一读。）
2）worthy“值得”，后接不定式或“of+动名词”的被动形式；“be worthy of + n.”也可以，例如：
The work is worthy to be mentioned.
（这项工作值得提一提。）
The article is worthy of careful study.
或：The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
（这篇文章值得细读。）
【走近高考】
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth　 B. worthy　C. worthwhile　D. worth while
【答案】C
take on  接受；雇用；承担；从事；呈现，具有      
In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students. （Task, Step 1, Part C ）
在一次采访中，他告诉我们说他一直乐意招收新的外国学生。
例 The company took on a new secretary.
   （这家公司雇用了一个新秘书。）
   You’re tired. Don’t take on too much work.
   （你很疲倦，不要承担太多的工作。）
   Our school has taken on a new look.
   （我们学校呈现出一派新气象。）
相关链接 take off 脱掉；去掉；起飞；匆匆离开
   take out 拿出；取出；带…出去
take over 接管；接收；借用；承袭
take up 拿起；着手处理；开始从事于；继续；占据（时间、空间、地位等）
take in 接受；接纳；吸收；领会；包含；欺骗
介词填空
1）He took ______ his coat and began to do his research.
2）I took _____ my note book to write down the telephone number.
3）Let’s take ______ the text where we finished yesterday.
4）Tom will retire and who will take ______ his position?
5）Shi is studying in a Teachers’ University, for she has made up her mind to take _______ teaching.
6）The teacher speaks so fast that I can’t take ______ what he teaches.
7）Some kinds of animals can _______ the color of their surroundings.
A. take on   B. dress up   C. put on   D. get into
答案:1）off 2）out 3）up 4）over 5）up 6）in 7）A
annoy  vt. 使烦恼；使为难；打搅；令人讨厌       
Mike looks annoyed. （Page 14, Line 25）
迈克看上去有点儿气恼。
   annoy sb. with sth. / by doing sth.
   因（做）某事而惹某人生气或烦恼
   Be annoyed with sb. at / for sth.
   因…而生某人的气
例These flies are annoying me.
（这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。）
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
（他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。）
   Don’t annoy your neighbors by singing loudly at night.
  （夜晚请不要大声唱歌，以免打扰邻居。）
相关链接 annoying  adj. “令人烦恼的”，主语多为物。
   annoyed  adj. “烦恼的，生气的”，主语多为人。
我们以前学过的类似单词如下：
   move→moving, moved
   excite→exciting, excited
   interest→interesting, interested
   surprise→surprising, surprised
   inspire→inspiring, inspired
【走近高考】
The______father was_____to find his son playing with his favourite bird. (高考题库)
A.annoyed, surprising   B. annoyed, surprised
C. annoying, surprised   D. annoying, surprising
【答案】 B
tear （tore, torn） v. 撕开；撕裂；撕掉           
No, You fool! (tears the paper into two) （Page15, Line 54）
不对，你这个傻瓜！（将报纸撕为两半）
   tear at sth. “撕扯…”，强调动作；
   tear sth. (into two)“把…撕破、撕开、撕掉(成两半)”，强调结果。
   tear oneself away from 恋恋不舍地离开
   tear down 拆除，拆毁
   tear up 撕毁，撕碎
   tear 作vi.讲时，常表示主语的特性。
例 The fighting girls tore at each other with their nails.
   （那两个打架的女孩子用指甲撕扯对方。）
  She tore the letter into tiny pieces.（她把信撕得粉碎。）
He could not tear himself away from the scene.
（他舍不得离开那片景色。）
This material tears easily.（这种料子很容易撕破。）
注意 tear 用作n.时，是[C]，如：
burst into tears（突然大哭起来）
The hot tears welled up in her eyes.
（热泪涌上她的眼眶。）
【走近高考】
1. A lot of the buildings along the road will be _______ to make room for the new highway. （高考题库）
A. torn away             B. torn down
C. torn up               D. torn apart
2. This material ______ , so be careful when you wear it .
A. is torn easily            B. is torn easy   
C. tears easy              D. tears easily
【答案】 1. B  2. D